Discrete mechanical models of concrete fracture

Discrete models of solids have been motivated, in large part, by the discontinuous and heterogeneous nature material structure its breakdown under loading. The capabilities discrete evolved over past several decades, offering novel means for investigating structure–property relationships. However, lack understanding both utilities disadvantages limits their further development applications. This paper reviews relevant features approaches applied to modeling mechanical behavior geomaterials, concrete materials particular. are classified according form abilities represent elastic fracture behaviors presence large-scale heterogeneity. Discretization domain plays a role this respect. Emphasis is placed on particle-based lattice models. relative merits various strategies introducing reinforcing components, which essential many applications, outlined. Recent advances highlighted, including use coupled, multi-field analysis. summarized conclusions. • methods simulating critiqued. Model depend choice physical or non-physical forms discretization. topics stress oscillation, Poisson’s ratio volumetric effects examined. Dual-lattice suited hygro-mechanical couplings cracked media. Application examples demonstrate expanding methods.